Citizenfour 2014
Directed by
Laura Poitras
Made by
RADiUS-TWC
Plot Summary
In January 2013, American documentary filmmaker Laura Poitras, who had been diligently crafting a film about surveillance programs resulting from the September 11 attacks, receives an encrypted email from a mysterious figure who refers to himself as Citizenfour. This stranger presents her with insider information regarding the illegal wiretapping conducted by the US National Security Agency (NSA) and other intelligence organizations.
By June 2013, Poitras, alongside journalist Glenn Greenwald and The Guardian reporter Ewen MacAskill, travels to Hong Kong armed with her camera for a pivotal meeting with Citizenfour in a hotel. There, he reveals his true identity as Edward Snowden. The atmosphere in Snowden’s hotel room is laden with tension and secrecy, as he expertly maintains his privacy. Various scenes, including him lying in bed and glancing into the mirror, depict him as a fraught political agent ensnared in a web of government scrutiny.
After four days filled with intensive interviews, on June 9, Snowden expresses his desire to go public, and soon enough, the media begins to uncover his location at the Mira Hotel. To avoid relentless phone calls directed at him, Snowden relocates to Poitras’ room. Facing the looming threat of extradition and prosecution by the United States, he proceeds to organize a meeting with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to apply for asylum. As Poitras grows suspicious of being tailed, she ultimately decides to leave Hong Kong for Berlin, Germany.
On June 21, the US government issues a request for Snowden’s extradition from Hong Kong. Managing to escape, he finds himself stranded at the Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow for 40 days after his US passport is revoked, preventing him from connecting to Havana. On August 1, 2013, he is granted temporary asylum by the Russian government for one year. Meanwhile, Greenwald returns to his home in Rio de Janeiro, publicly addressing the NSA’s misuse of its surveillance capabilities. Both Greenwald and Poitras correspond with each other, voicing their shared apprehension about returning to the United States.
Throughout the documentary, various vignettes enrich the narrative, including insights from NSA whistleblower William Binney, who speaks on the agency’s operations and goes on to testify before the German Parliament about NSA espionage in Germany.
The film culminates with an intriguing reunion in Russia between Greenwald, Snowden, and Poitras. Engaging in a careful discussion about newfound revelations regarding US intelligence, they consciously opt to jot down sensitive information instead of voicing it aloud. In a moment of deliberation, Greenwald rips these important documents into shreds, forming a growing pile of remnants before methodically removing them from the table.
Timeline
Laura Poitras Receives Encrypted Email
In January 2013, Laura Poitras, a documentary filmmaker, receives an encrypted email from a mysterious figure known as Citizenfour. This email ignites her journey into the dark world of surveillance programs linked to the September 11 attacks and sets the stage for a major revelation about government activities.
Citizenfour Reveals NSA Programs
The email from Citizenfour contains insider information about illegal wiretapping conducted by the NSA and other intelligence entities. Poitras is captivated and compelled to meet this person to uncover the truth behind these alarming surveillance practices.
Meeting in Hong Kong
By June 2013, Laura Poitras travels to Hong Kong with journalist Glenn Greenwald and *The Guardian* reporter Ewen MacAskill. They meet Citizenfour in a hotel room, where he reveals himself to be Edward Snowden, an iconic moment marked by secrecy and tension as the group embarks on a crucial dialogue.
Intensive Interviews with Snowden
Over the next four days, Poitras conducts intense interviews with Snowden, capturing deep insights into his rationale for exposing the NSA's surveillance. These encounters take place in a charged atmosphere, with Snowden appearing increasingly fraught under the weight of his revelations.
Snowden's Desire to Go Public
On June 9, after thorough discussions, Snowden shares his intent to go public with the sensitive information he possesses. This decision triggers a media frenzy that begins to uncover his location at the Mira Hotel, putting him at greater risk of exposure.
Relocation to Poitras' Room
To avoid unwanted attention and intense media scrutiny, Snowden relocates to Laura Poitras' hotel room. Here, he navigates the precarious balance of staying hidden while preparing to expose profound truths about government surveillance.
Applying for Asylum
Facing the prospect of extradition, Snowden organizes a meeting with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to seek asylum. Meanwhile, Poitras senses that she is being watched, which prompts her to leave Hong Kong for safety.
US Request for Extradition
On June 21, 2013, the United States government issues an extradition request for Edward Snowden, heightening the tension of his situation. This request forces Snowden into a precarious game of cat and mouse with authorities seeking to silence him.
Stranded in Moscow
After managing to escape from Hong Kong, Snowden finds himself stranded at Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow. This unexpected turn of events unfolds over 40 days while his US passport is revoked, preventing him from reaching his intended destination.
Granting of Temporary Asylum
On August 1, 2013, Russian authorities grant Edward Snowden temporary asylum for one year. This reprieve allows him a moment of safety amidst the international uproar surrounding his leaked revelations about NSA surveillance practices.
Greenwald Addresses NSA Misuse
Following his return to Rio de Janeiro, Glenn Greenwald publicly addresses the extensive misuse of NSA surveillance capabilities. His revelations amplify the ongoing discussions about privacy and governmental overreach, aimed at informing the public about these serious issues.
Ongoing Correspondence
As the fallout from Snowden’s leaks continues, both Greenwald and Poitras maintain correspondence, sharing their mutual fears about returning to the United States. Their communications reflect a broader concern regarding the implications of their work in exposing classified information.
William Binney’s Insights
Throughout the documentary, NSA whistleblower William Binney provides critical insights into the agency's operations, speaking to the depth of surveillance procedures. His testimony extends to the German Parliament, where he discusses NSA espionage activities in Germany.
Reunion in Russia
The film culminates in a significant reunion in Russia between Poitras, Snowden, and Greenwald. Gathered together, they engage in a cautious discussion about their findings, taking care to jot down sensitive information rather than speaking it aloud, showcasing their awareness of the risks involved.
Destruction of Sensitive Documents
In a moment of deliberation, Greenwald tears apart sensitive documents during their reunion. This act symbolizes the precarious nature of the information they possess, as they meticulously destroy evidence of their discussions while still holding on to the truths they've uncovered.
Characters
Edward Snowden
A former NSA contractor turned whistleblower, Edward Snowden risks everything to expose the truth about illegal government surveillance programs. Deeply aware of the consequences, he is portrayed as both a sympathetic character and a fraught political agent navigating the complexities of being in the public eye. His determination to inform the world reflects his profound commitment to civil liberties.
Glenn Greenwald
A prominent journalist who plays a pivotal role in disseminating Snowden's revelations, Glenn Greenwald is characterized by his strong advocacy for transparency and civil liberties. He serves as a conduit for vital information, fearlessly confronting government and media narratives. His interactions illustrate his courage and commitment to ethical journalism.
Setting
Time period
January 2013 - August 2013
The film unfolds during a tense period marked by revelations of mass surveillance post-9/11. In early 2013, the world experiences a growing awareness of government privacy infringements, culminating in Edward Snowden's disclosures. This pivotal moment in history shapes global conversations around privacy rights, civil liberties, and the ethics of surveillance in an increasingly interconnected world.
Location
Hong Kong, Berlin, Russia, Moscow, Sheremetyevo International Airport
The movie primarily takes place in Hong Kong, a vibrant city known for its skyline and deep-rooted history as a global financial hub. Here, a clandestine meeting unfolds in a hotel room where crucial information about government surveillance is shared. The narrative also extends to Berlin and Moscow, both significant locations in the context of asylum and political refuge, highlighting the interplay between safety and political unrest.
Themes
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Surveillance
The documentary delves deeply into the theme of surveillance, exploring the balance between national security and individual privacy rights. It raises profound questions about the extent to which governments monitor their citizens and the implications of such scrutiny on democracy and freedom. Through Snowden's revelations, the film confronts the viewer with the stark realities of living under constant watch.
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Whistleblowing
Citizenfour presents whistleblowing as a courageous act of defiance against systemic corruption and abuse of power. Snowden’s journey highlights the moral dilemmas faced by individuals who choose to expose wrongdoing despite the personal risks involved. This theme underlines the importance of transparency and accountability within powerful institutions.
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Justice
The quest for justice permeates the film as Snowden seeks asylum to escape persecution for his revelations. The narrative examines the implications of standing up against an unjust system and the legal battles ensuing from his actions. It sheds light on the complicated relationships between personal safety, legal rights, and the pursuit of accountability in government practices.
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