Citizenfour 2014

In January 2013, American documentary filmmaker Laura Poitras, who had been diligently crafting a film about surveillance programs resulting from the September 11 attacks, receives an encrypted email from a mysterious figure who refers to himself as Citizenfour. This stranger presents her with insider information regarding the illegal wiretapping conducted by the US National Security Agency (NSA) and other intelligence organizations.

By June 2013, Poitras, alongside journalist Glenn Greenwald and The Guardian reporter Ewen MacAskill, travels to Hong Kong armed with her camera for a pivotal meeting with Citizenfour in a hotel. There, he reveals his true identity as Edward Snowden. The atmosphere in Snowden’s hotel room is laden with tension and secrecy, as he expertly maintains his privacy. Various scenes, including him lying in bed and glancing into the mirror, depict him as a fraught political agent ensnared in a web of government scrutiny.

After four days filled with intensive interviews, on June 9, Snowden expresses his desire to go public, and soon enough, the media begins to uncover his location at the Mira Hotel. To avoid relentless phone calls directed at him, Snowden relocates to Poitras’ room. Facing the looming threat of extradition and prosecution by the United States, he proceeds to organize a meeting with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to apply for asylum. As Poitras grows suspicious of being tailed, she ultimately decides to leave Hong Kong for Berlin, Germany.

On June 21, the US government issues a request for Snowden’s extradition from Hong Kong. Managing to escape, he finds himself stranded at the Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow for 40 days after his US passport is revoked, preventing him from connecting to Havana. On August 1, 2013, he is granted temporary asylum by the Russian government for one year. Meanwhile, Greenwald returns to his home in Rio de Janeiro, publicly addressing the NSA’s misuse of its surveillance capabilities. Both Greenwald and Poitras correspond with each other, voicing their shared apprehension about returning to the United States.

Throughout the documentary, various vignettes enrich the narrative, including insights from NSA whistleblower William Binney, who speaks on the agency’s operations and goes on to testify before the German Parliament about NSA espionage in Germany.

The film culminates with an intriguing reunion in Russia between Greenwald, Snowden, and Poitras. Engaging in a careful discussion about newfound revelations regarding US intelligence, they consciously opt to jot down sensitive information instead of voicing it aloud. In a moment of deliberation, Greenwald rips these important documents into shreds, forming a growing pile of remnants before methodically removing them from the table.