Directed by
Ron Howard
Made by
Universal Pictures
After the monumental Watergate scandal of 1972, when members of Nixon’s campaign were caught attempting to bug the Democratic National Party’s headquarters, the political landscape was forever altered. As a result, a staggering 400 million viewers tuned in to witness Richard Nixon depart from the White House in 1974 aboard Marine One, doing so without any admission of guilt or apology. Among those captivated by this spectacle was British journalist David Frost, who, while recording a talk show in Australia, felt inspired to seize the opportunity to interview Nixon.
After Nixon was granted a full pardon by Gerald Ford, he avoided trial altogether. Meanwhile, he endeavored to pen his memoirs with the assistance of Diane Sawyer (Kate Jennings Grant) and Frank Gannon (Andy Milder). Nixon’s literary agent, Irving Lazar (Toby Jones), envisioned the interviews as a chance for Nixon to redeem his tarnished image and secure financial gain. Initially demanding $500,000, Lazar ultimately negotiated a staggering $600,000 for the series, far exceeding Frost’s other offers.
With determination and some persuasion, Frost convinced his producer and friend, John Birt (Matthew Macfadyen), that the interviews could indeed be a success. On their way to meet Nixon, Frost struck up a romantic connection with Caroline Cushing (Rebecca Hall), who accompanied him on the journey.
Despite facing significant challenges, including struggles to secure American networks for the interviews, Frost opted to fund the project through private investments. He negotiated deals with advertisers and local TV networks, pouring all his efforts into this venture to finance Nixon’s fee. To prepare adequately, he enlisted investigators Bob Zelnick (Oliver Platt) and James Reston Jr. (Sam Rockwell) to help shape the discussions.
Reston was particularly motivated by a desire to hold Nixon accountable for his actions, urging Frost to pursue a confession. On encountering Nixon beforehand, Nixon expressed his eagerness for what he called their impending ‘duel.’
As Frost navigated the constraints and pressures of the interviews, he faced close scrutiny from Nixon’s chief of staff, Jack Brennan, who mandated that a significant portion of the discussions highlight Nixon’s presidential achievements. As Frost struggled to ask poignant questions, Nixon frequently redirected the conversation towards his successes, even manipulating details about the Vietnam War to his advantage.
Despite investing nearly $2 million in the project, Frost encountered difficulties when advertisers began to withdraw their support, exacerbated by troubling reports from the sessions. As Nixon continued to toy with Frost, taunting him both professionally and personally about his relationship with Caroline, Frost found himself at a perilous crossroads after 11 interviews—each of which Nixon had managed to dominate.
Days before the pivotal final interview set to focus on Watergate, a drunken Nixon reached out to Frost, acknowledging the high stakes involved for both men. This conversation inspired Frost to push himself harder in preparation for the final stretch.
As the concluding interview commenced, Frost took an audacious step by confronting Nixon with incriminating transcripts that had been unearthed, leading to a critical moment when Nixon conceded, “When the President does it, that means it’s not illegal.” However, the interview was interrupted by Brennan, who stopped the recording but ultimately allowed it to resume.
In the aftermath, Frost’s relentless questioning resulted in Nixon finally admitting his wrongdoings, acknowledging that he had indeed “let the American people down.” Sometime later, Frost and Cushing bid farewell to Nixon at his villa, where appreciation and a hint of reflection bridged their shared experience. Nixon, accepting defeat, extended gratitude to Frost, who reciprocated with a symbolic gift of Italian shoes.
The interviews proved to be a commercial success, but Nixon remained embroiled in controversy until his death from a stroke in 1994, forever staining his legacy.
Watergate Scandal Unfolds
In 1972, the Watergate scandal erupted when members of President Nixon's campaign were caught attempting to bug the Democratic National Party's headquarters. This event forever altered the political landscape, leading to a loss of trust in the government and setting the stage for Nixon's eventual resignation.
Nixon's Departure
On August 9, 1974, Richard Nixon departed from the White House aboard Marine One, witnessed by an astounding 400 million viewers. His resignation came without any admission of guilt or apology, marking a significant moment in American political history.
Frost's Inspiration
British journalist David Frost, while recording a talk show in Australia, was inspired by Nixon's departure to secure an interview with the former president. Recognizing the potential magnitude of such a dialogue, he began to formulate a plan to make it happen.
Nixon's Pardon
After Nixon's resignation, President Gerald Ford granted him a full pardon, allowing him to avoid trial for his actions during the Watergate scandal. This controversial decision further complicated the public's perception of Nixon and Ford's administration.
Plan for Memoirs
In the wake of his presidency, Nixon began to write his memoirs with the assistance of Diane Sawyer and writer Frank Gannon. This endeavor aimed not only to provide a narrative of his time in office but also to restore his reputation over time.
Negotiating the Interview
Nixon’s literary agent, Irving Lazar, originally demanded $500,000 for the interview series but eventually negotiated a whopping $600,000. This significant sum aimed to ensure Nixon's participation, highlighting the financial aspects that underscored the interviews.
Frost's Persuasion
Determined to bring the interviews to fruition, Frost persuaded his producer and friend, John Birt, of their potential success. This step was crucial in moving forward with a project that was fraught with challenges and uncertainties.
The Romantic Connection
As Frost prepared to meet Nixon, he developed a romantic relationship with Caroline Cushing, who accompanied him on the journey. Their connection added a personal touch to Frost's experience as he navigated this high-stakes situation.
Funding Struggles
Frost faced significant obstacles in securing funding from American networks, forcing him to finance the project through private investments. The financial strain became particularly evident as advertisers began to pull out, further complicating the endeavor.
Prepping for Accountability
Frost enlisted investigators Bob Zelnick and James Reston Jr. to help prepare for the interviews, focusing on holding Nixon accountable for his actions. Reston's passion and tenacity played a pivotal role in shaping the discussions, driving Frost towards deeper inquiries.
The Duel
Upon meeting Nixon, Frost learned that Nixon viewed their upcoming interviews as a 'duel,' indicating the high stakes involved. Both men were prepared to confront each other, setting a tense tone for the dialogues to follow.
Interferences and Redirections
Throughout the interviews, Nixon's chief of staff, Jack Brennan, exerted control by mandating that discussions center on Nixon's accomplishments. This created tension, as Frost struggled to navigate the pushback while attempting to ask challenging questions.
A Crucial Final Interview
In the days leading up to the final interview focused on Watergate, a drunken Nixon reached out to Frost, acknowledging the significance of the moment. This conversation ignited Frost's determination to better prepare for their critical face-off.
The Breaking Point
During the final interview, Frost confronted Nixon with incriminating transcripts, leading to the pivotal moment when Nixon infamously declared his actions as legal. This confrontation marked a turning point in the discussions, with Frost gaining the upper hand.
Post-Interview Reflections
Following the interviews, Frost and Cushing exchanged farewells with Nixon at his villa, symbolizing a moment of mutual acknowledgment and reflection. Despite the interviews' commercial success, Nixon remained embroiled in controversy until his death in 1994.
David Frost
David Frost is a charismatic British journalist determined to secure an interview with Richard Nixon. His ambition drives him to invest heavily in the project, navigating through challenges both professional and personal. Throughout the interviews, he evolves from a skeptical challenger to a pivotal figure in confronting political accountability.
Richard Nixon
Richard Nixon is the former President of the United States, portrayed as a complex figure struggling with his controversial legacy. In the interviews, he exhibits both arrogance and vulnerability, demonstrating his deep desire to manipulate the narrative to his favor while ultimately facing the consequences of his past actions.
Jack Brennan
Jack Brennan is Nixon's loyal chief of staff, tasked with protecting Nixon's image during the interviews. He exudes authority and is keen on redirecting conversations to highlight Nixon's presidency achievements, showcasing his commitment to preserving Nixon’s reputation amidst mounting pressures.
Time period
1972-1994
The events primarily transpire in the post-Watergate era, a period marked by political scandal and scrutiny that reshaped American politics. Nixon’s resignation in 1974 brought widespread media attention, while the late 1970s through the early 1990s illustrates the ongoing repercussions of his presidency until his death in 1994.
Location
White House, Australia
The White House serves as the official residence and workplace of the President of the United States, symbolizing the seat of political power in the country. Australia is depicted as a vibrant location where British journalist David Frost records his talk show and initiates his pursuit of interviewing Richard Nixon.
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Truth and Accountability
The theme of truth and accountability is central to the film, as it explores Nixon's attempts to evade responsibility for his actions. David Frost's relentless questioning serves as a vehicle for uncovering hidden truths, reflecting the broader societal demand for transparency in politics.
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Redemption
The pursuit of redemption is illustrated through Nixon's desire to restore his image following the Watergate scandal. The interviews are not merely an attempt to recount his experiences but a chance for Nixon to grapple with his guilt and seek a form of personal restitution.
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Media Influence
The film highlights the significant role of media in shaping public perception and political narrative. Frost's interviews are a testament to the power of media as both a platform for discussion and a tool for accountability, revealing its impact on historical discourse.
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