American History X 1998

Flashbacks unfold in reverse chronology, uniquely depicted in black-and-white to contrast with the color of present-day events, revealing Derek’s journey of becoming a vengeful white supremacist in Venice Beach, followed by his eventual rejection of those bigoted views during his time in prison. To clarify the narrative for the audience, the outline of events will be presented in chronological order.

Initially, Derek is heavily influenced by the latent racism stemming from his bigoted father, a firefighter portrayed by William Russ. This influence escalates when Derek’s father is tragically shot and killed while battling a fire at a suspected Compton drug den. Heartbroken and enraged, Derek rises through the ranks to become a second-in-command within a Neo-Nazi street gang known as The D.O.C. (Disciples of Christ), where he lures young, impressionable whites into joining. The gang boldly engages in acts of intimidation, such as vandalizing a store run by a Korean immigrant that employs illegal Mexican workers and challenging African American players to basketball in a bid to claim the court as their turf.

These troubling incidents go unnoticed until one evening when Derek has a heated argument regarding Rodney King with his mother’s new boyfriend, Murray, played by Elliott Gould, who is Jewish. Later that night, while Derek is involved with his white supremacist girlfriend, Stacey—portrayed by Fairuza Balk—his younger brother, Danny (who ultimately shares his name with the film’s title), alerts him to the fact that three Crips members are attempting to steal their father’s truck. Fueled by rage, Derek rushes outside with a pistol, resulting in a tragedy where he kills one man instantly and grievously wounds another, forcing him to place his mouth on the curb before brutally stomping on his head. The horror of this moment is etched in Danny’s mind as he witnesses the violent transformation of his brother, culminating in Derek’s arrest as he smiles at the shocked Danny.

Following a conviction for voluntary manslaughter, Derek finds himself sentenced to three years within the confines of the California Institution for Men in Chino. While serving time, he aligns himself with the Aryan Brotherhood, embracing the very ideologies he will later come to challenge. However, after a year, his disillusionment grows as he becomes increasingly frustrated with the gang, particularly their amicable relations with a member of a Mexican prison gang and their involvement in drug trafficking. When he voices his concerns, he faces backlash from his fellow supremacists.

Within this difficult environment, Derek forges an unexpected bond with an African American inmate named Lamont, portrayed by Guy Torry, who works alongside him in the prison laundry. Unfortunately, this friendship results in a brutal attack by his gang members, who have noticed their interactions. After enduring this traumatic experience, Derek is visited by his former English teacher, Dr. Bob Sweeney, played by Avery Brooks. In a pivotal conversation, Sweeney confronts Derek with the realities of the hatred he has perpetuated and the consequences of his actions, questioning if anything he has done has improved his life. This moment serves as a catalyst for change, pushing Derek to reevaluate his life choices and motivations, distancing himself from the Aryan Brotherhood.

As the day of Derek’s release from prison nears, Danny’s involvement in similar hate ideologies becomes evident. When his teacher, Murray, discovers Danny’s Neo-Nazi sympathies, he informs Dr. Sweeney, who takes it upon himself to teach Danny, imparting lessons they label “American History X.” As the newly transitioned Derek returns home, the realization hits that Danny has embraced the same destructive ideologies that Derek fought to escape, leading to a critical confrontation.

During a Neo-Nazi party that both brothers attend, a heated argument ensues between Derek and the gang leader, Cameron Alexander, portrayed by Stacy Keach. Derek asserts his independence from the gang, declaring he no longer wants to associate with them, which incites a violent response leading to a harrowing chase.

The next morning, the culmination of escalating tensions reveals a tragic fate for Danny. After an altercation in the school bathroom, a confrontation with an African American student ends tragically with Danny being shot. Derek arrives to find his brother lifeless, and cradles him in his arms in a heart-wrenching moment of grief and regret.

The film concludes with Danny narrating a poignant excerpt from his paper, reminiscent of the themes of unity and understanding, echoing President Lincoln’s words:

“We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies…”

This climax underscores the tragic repercussions of hatred and prejudice, leaving a lasting impact on the viewer about the cycles of violence and the desperate need for change.